Immunohematology : Blood Grouping Pitfalls

References :

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547707/
2. https://arup.utah.edu/media/rhees-introABO-2018/lecture-slides.pdf
3. https://academic.oup.com/labmed/article/45/3/193/2657729
4. http://www.njlm.net/articles/PDF/2369/42548_PD(SHU)_V.1_CE[Ra1]_F(SHU)_PF1(AG_SHU)_PFA(SHU)_PB(AG_SHU)_PN(SHU).pdf
5. https://pathofast.com/pune/tests/cost-range-about/blood-group

A short primer on blood groups:

1. Blood group testing is a medical procedure that determines an individual’s blood group.
2. Blood groups are classified into four major types: A, B, AB, and O.
3. The blood type of an individual is determined by the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of their red blood cells.
4. Blood group testing is important in various medical settings, including blood transfusions, organ transplantations, and prenatal care.
5. The process of blood group testing involves taking a blood sample from the individual and analyzing it in a laboratory.
6. Blood group testing can also reveal the presence of certain antibodies in the blood that can react with foreign antigens.
7. ABO blood group system is the most commonly used system for blood typing, while Rh factor testing is also performed in some cases.
8. People with type O blood are considered universal donors, as their blood can be transfused to individuals with any blood type.
9. On the other hand, people with type AB blood are considered universal recipients, as they can receive blood from individuals with any blood type.
10. Blood group testing can also be used to identify individuals who are at risk of certain blood disorders such as sickle cell anemia.
11. Blood group testing is a safe and routine procedure that can be done in a doctor’s office or laboratory.
12. The results of blood group testing are usually available within a few hours.
13. Blood group testing is essential for ensuring the safety of blood transfusions, as transfusing incompatible blood types can lead to severe complications and even death.
14. Blood group testing is also important in cases of organ transplantation, as organs must be matched to the recipient’s blood type to minimize the risk of rejection.
15. Blood group testing is particularly important during pregnancy, as it can identify potential risks to the developing fetus.
16. In some cases, blood group testing may also be used to determine paternity.
17. Blood group testing is widely available and affordable, making it accessible to people from all walks of life.
18. Blood group testing is also an important tool for forensic scientists, as it can help identify suspects and victims in criminal investigations.
19. Advances in technology have led to the development of more accurate and efficient blood group testing methods.
20. Overall, blood group testing plays a vital role in modern healthcare, ensuring the safe and effective treatment of patients in a variety of medical con